Please remember, this extensive list is by no means fully exhaustive of the many thousands of distinct Indigenous peoples worldwide.
Partial Hierarchical List of Indigenous Peoples
Australia:
- Aboriginal Peoples (over 250 distinct language groups originally):
-
New South Wales: Wiradjuri Yuin Bundjalung Gamilaray (Kamilaroi) Darug Eora Awabakal Guringai Murrawarri Paakantyi Wodi Wodi Wailwan Ngarigo Walgalu -
Victoria: Kulin Nation (e.g., Wurundjeri, Boon Wurrung, Wathaurong, Taungurung, Dja Dja Wurrung) Gunditjmara Bidjara Kurnai (Gunai) Waywurru Bangerang Dhudhuroa -
Queensland: Kalkadoon Yugambeh Darumbal Guugu Yimithirr Kuku Yalanji Gunggari Bidjara Wakka Wakka Butchulla Torres Strait Islander Peoples (e.g., Meriam, Kaurareg, Maluilgal, Kulkalgal, Erubam Le) -
South Australia: Kaurna Ngarrindjeri Peramangk Narungga Adnyamathanha Kokatha Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Arrernte Dieri -
Western Australia: Noongar (e.g., Whadjuk, Ballardong, Gnarla Karla Booja) Yamatji (e.g., Wajarri, Badimaya) Pilbara Peoples (e.g., Ngarluma, Yindjibarndi, Kariyarra) Kimberley Peoples (e.g., Kija, Gooniyandi, Worrorra, Wunambal, Ngarinyin, Jaru) Ngaanyatjarra Wirlomin -
Northern Territory: Arrernte Warlpiri Yolngu (e.g., Gumatj, Djambarrpuyngu, Rirratjingu) Tiwi Warumungu Gurindji Murrinh-Patha Luritja Pintupi Kunwinjku Wardaman Jawoyn Rembarrnga - Tasmania: Palawa (descendants of original Tasmanian Aboriginal peoples; e.g., Pakana)
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North America:
- First Nations (Canada):
-
Algonquian Family: Cree (e.g., Plains Cree, Swampy Cree, Woodland Cree, Moose Cree, James Bay Cree) Anishinaabe (e.g., Ojibwe/Chippewa, Odawa/Ottawa, Potawatomi, Algonquin, Saulteaux, Oji-Cree) Mi’kmaq Innu (Montagnais/Naskapi) Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet) Abenaki Blackfoot Confederacy (Siksika, Kainai/Blood, Piikani/Peigan) Lenape (Delaware in Ontario) Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation Opaskwayak Cree Nation -
Athabaskan (Dene) Family: Dene (e.g., Chipewyan, Dogrib/Tłı̨chǫ, Gwich’in, Sahtu Dene/Hare, Slavey/Dehcho Dene, Yellowknives Dene) Tsilhqot’in Carrier (Dakelh) Sekani Dunne-za (Beaver) Tahltan Kaska -
Iroquoian Family: Haudenosaunee Confederacy (e.g., Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora) Wendat (Huron) -
Salishan Family: Squamish Sto:lo Lil’wat Cowichan Sechelt Shishalh (Sechelt) Ktunaxa (Kootenay) -
Wakashan Family: Kwakwakaʼwakw Nuu-chah-nulth Heiltsuk Oweekeno -
Tsimshianic Family: Tsimshian Nisga’a Gitxsan -
Other/Diverse: Métis Nation (distinct Indigenous nation) Inuit (e.g., Inuvialuit, Nunatsiavut, Nunavik, Nunavut Inuit) Nlaka’pamux Syilx (Okanagan) Secwepemc (Shuswap) Stz’uminus Teslin Tlingit Acho Dene Koe Lutsel K’e Dene First Nation
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- Native Americans (United States):
-
Southeast: Cherokee Nation Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians Choctaw Nation Chickasaw Nation Muscogee (Creek) Nation Seminole Nation of Oklahoma Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida Poarch Band of Creek Indians Catawba Indian Nation Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina Houma Nation Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana Quapaw Nation Osage Nation Caddo Nation Biloxi-Chitimacha -
Northeast/Mid-Atlantic: Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe Narragansett Indian Tribe Mohegan Tribe Pequot (Mashantucket Pequot, Eastern Pequot) Schaghticoke Tribal Nation Shinnecock Indian Nation Cayuga Nation Oneida Nation of New York Onondaga Nation Seneca Nation of Indians Tuscarora Nation Lenape (Delaware Tribe of Indians, Delaware Nation) Penobscot Nation Passamaquoddy Tribe Maliseet (Houlton Band) Shinnecock Nipmuc Paugussett -
Great Plains: Lakota (e.g., Oglala, Hunkpapa, Brule, Miniconjou, Sicangu, Itazipco, Oohenumpa, Sihasapa) Dakota (e.g., Santee, Sisseton Wahpeton, Yanktonai, Mdewakanton) Nakota (Assiniboine, Stoney) Cheyenne (e.g., Northern, Southern) Arapaho (e.g., Northern, Southern) Crow Tribe Pawnee Nation Wichita and Affiliated Tribes Kiowa Tribe Comanche Nation Arikara Hidatsa Mandan Ponca Tribe of Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska Kaw Nation Otoe-Missouria Tribe Sac and Fox Nation Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas -
Southwest: Navajo Nation (Diné) Apache Tribes (e.g., Mescalero Apache, Chiricahua Apache, Jicarilla Apache, San Carlos Apache, White Mountain Apache, Fort Sill Apache) Pueblo Nations (e.g., Hopi Tribe, Zuni Pueblo, Taos Pueblo, Acoma Pueblo, Isleta Pueblo, Jemez Pueblo, San Ildefonso Pueblo, Santa Clara Pueblo, Cochiti Pueblo, Laguna Pueblo, Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo, Picuris Pueblo, Sandia Pueblo, Santo Domingo Pueblo, Tesuque Pueblo, Nambé Pueblo, Pojoaque Pueblo) Tohono O’odham Nation Akimel O’odham (Gila River Indian Community, Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community) Yaqui (Pascua Yaqui Tribe, Yoeme) Havasupai Tribe Hualapai Tribe Yavapai-Apache Nation Fort Mojave Indian Tribe Quechan Tribe Cocopah Tribe -
Great Basin: Shoshone (e.g., Eastern Shoshone, Western Shoshone, Northern Shoshone, Te-Moak Tribe, Duckwater Shoshone) Paiute (e.g., Southern Paiute, Northern Paiute, Walker River Paiute, Pyramid Lake Paiute) Ute Indian Tribe (Uintah and Ouray Reservation) Goshute Tribe Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California Bannock Tribe -
California: Chumash Pomo (e.g., Dry Creek Rancheria, Kashia Band) Maidu Miwok Yokuts Cahuilla Luiseño Kumeyaay (Diegueño) Hupa Yurok Karuk Wiyot Modoc Tribe Pit River Tribe Tolowa Dee-ni’ Wintu Serrano Mono -
Northwest Coast/Plateau: Nez Perce Tribe Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Yakama Nation Spokane Tribe Colville Confederated Tribes Salish Kootenai (Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation) Coastal Salish (e.g., Suquamish, Tulalip, Lummi, Makah, Quinault, Hoh, Skokomish, Squaxin Island) Tlingit (e.g., Angoon, Hoonah, Yakutat) Haida Nation (Alaska) Tsimshian (Alaska) Athabascan (Alaska, e.g., Koyukon, Tanana, Deg Hit’an, Ingalik, Dena’ina) Yup’ik (e.g., Central Yup’ik, Siberian Yupik) Iñupiat (e.g., Utqiagvik, Kotzebue) Aleut (Unangan) Kodiak Alutiiq (Sugpiaq)
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- Indigenous Peoples of Mexico:
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Southern/Central: Maya (e.g., Yucatec Maya, Lacandon Maya, Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Chol, Tojolabal, Ixil, K’iche’, Kaqchikel) Nahua (Mexica/Aztec descendants, e.g., Tlaxcaltec) Zapotec (e.g., Valley Zapotec, Isthmus Zapotec) Mixtec Otomi Purépecha Totonac Mazatec Huastec Zoque Chinantec Mixe Triqui Chatino Popoloca Amuzgo Cuicatec Ixcatec Matlatzinca Tlahuica Chontal (Oaxaca) Popoluca -
Northern: Rarámuri (Tarahumara) Yaqui Mayo Seri Kiliwa Kumiai Paipai Cochimí Cucapá Kickapoo (Mexico) Guarijío O’odham (in Sonora) Coras Huichol (Wixárika) Tepehuan Tarascan
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South America:
- Andean Region:
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Quechua Peoples: Numerous regional varieties (e.g., Cusco Quechua, Ancash Quechua, Ayacucho Quechua, Kichwa in Ecuador, Qulla in Bolivia, Chanka in Peru) Canari Saraguro Quichua (Ecuadorian Amazonian) - Aymara Peoples: (e.g., Colla, Lupaca)
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Other: Uru Kallawaya Chipaya Atacameño (Likan-antay) Colla (Argentina) Wichi (Argentina)
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- Amazonian & Lowland Regions:
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Brazil: Guaraní (e.g., Mbyá Guaraní, Ava Guaraní, Kaiowa, Ñandeva) Yanomami Kaiapo (Kayapó) Munduruku Sateré-Mawé Tucano Desana Bora Kokama Kaxinawá (Huni Kuin) Pataxó Xavante Bororo Ticuna Assurini Suyá Suruí Enawenê-Nawê Zoró Krahô Awá-Guajá Pirahã -
Peru: Asháninka Shipibo-Conibo Aguaruna (Awajún) Machiguenga Nomatsiguenga Kukama-Kukamiria Urarina Iskonawa Ese Ejja -
Colombia: Wayuu Arhuaco Kogi Wiwa Emberá Cofan Nasa (Paez) Sikuani Guambiano (Misak) Ticuna Nukak -
Ecuador: Waorani Shuar Achuar Siona Secoya Kichwa (Amazonian) Tsáchila Chachi Cofán -
Bolivia: Guarani Chiquitano Moxos Yuqui Ayoreo Chipaya Tacana -
Venezuela: Pemon Warao Ye’kuana Panare Piaroa Yanomami (shared with Brazil) -
Guyanas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana): Macushi Wapishana Kalina (Caribs) Wayana Trio Arawak Akawaio Patamona
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- Southern Cone:
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Chile/Argentina: Mapuche (e.g., Pehuenche, Huilliche, Lafkenche, Picunche, Puelche) Tehuelche Selk’nam (Ona) Yámana (Yaghan) Kawésqar (Alacaluf) Qom (Toba) Moqoit (Mocoví) Pilagá Diaguita (Argentina) Huarpe Kolla -
Paraguay: Guaraní (numerous sub-groups) Nivacle Ayoreo Maskoy Ache Toba-Qom - Uruguay: Charrúa (descendants, as distinct group mostly assimilated)
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Africa:
- Southern Africa:
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Khoisan: San (e.g., Ju/’hoansi, !Kung, Naro, Khwe, ≠Khomani, Gana, Gwi) Khoikhoi (e.g., Nama, Oorlam, Damara, Griqua) -
Bantu-speaking: Zulu Xhosa Swazi Ndebele (e.g., Northern, Southern) Basotho (Sotho) Tswana Venda Tsonga Herero Ovambo (e.g., Kwanyama, Ndonga) Himba Lozi Shona Chewa Tonga (Zambia/Zimbabwe) Manyika Sena Makonde Yao
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- East Africa:
-
Nilotic: Maasai (e.g., Loita, Purko, Kisonko) Kalenjin (e.g., Nandi, Kipsigis, Marakwet, Pokot, Tugen, Sabaot) Luo Turkana Karamojong Dinka Nuer Acholi Langi Shilluk Anuak Mursi Hamar Datoga -
Cushitic: Oromo (e.g., Borana, Guji, Arsi) Somali Afar Sidama Hadzabe Ogiek Rendille Gabbra Borana Konso Dasanech -
Other: Kikuyu Luhya Kamba Meru Chagga Sukuma Nyamwezi Ganda Rwandan (Hutu, Tutsi) Burundian (Hutu, Tutsi)
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- West Africa:
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Niger-Congo: Yoruba Igbo Hausa Fulani (Fula/Peul, e.g., Fula Jallon, Adamawa Fulani) Akan (e.g., Ashanti, Fanti, Akuapem, Bono) Ewe Fon Dogon Songhai Wolof Mandinka (Manding, e.g., Malinke, Bambara, Dyula) Temne Mende Mossi Ga-Adangbe Edo (Benin) Ijaw Tiv Nupe Kanuri Esan Annang Ibibio Gurma Senufo Lobi
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- Central Africa:
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Bantu-speaking: Kongo Luba Lunda Mongo Fang Teke Kivu (various) Bemba Luyia Kamba Lega Rwanda Burundi -
Pygmy Peoples (diverse groups, often identified by forest region): Mbuti (e.g., Efé, Asua) Baka Aka Twa (e.g., Great Lakes Twa, Batwa) Bagyeli Bedzan Bakola -
Other: Sara Azande Mangbetu
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North Africa: Amazigh (Berber) (e.g., Kabyle, Rifian, Shilha, Chaoui, Tuareg, Zenata, Shawi) Sahrawi Nubian (e.g., Kenzi, Dongolawi, Mahas) Beja Siwi
Asia:
- East Asia:
-
Japan: Ainu Ryukyuan (e.g., Okinawan, Amami) -
China (recognized ethnic minorities - many with distinct tribal/cultural identities): Zhuang Manchu Hui Miao (Hmong) Yi Tujia Tibetan (many sub-groups, e.g., Khampa, Amdo, Ü-Tsang) Mongolian (e.g., Khalkha, Oirat, Buryat) Buyei Korean (in China) Yao Bai Hani Li Kazak (in China) Dai (Tai Lü, Tai Nüa) Lisu She Dong Gelao Lahu Wa Shui Dongxiang Naxi Jingpo (Kachin) Kirghiz (in China) Tu Daur Mulam Qiang Blang Salar Maonan Gelo Xibe Achang Pumi Tajik (in China) Nu Uzbek (in China) Russian (in China) Evenki (in China) De’ang Bonan Yugur Gin (Vietnamese in China) Tatars (in China) Derung Oroqen Hezhen (Nanai) Monba Lhoba Jino -
Siberian Indigenous Peoples (Russia): Evenks (Tungus) Yakuts (Sakha) Buryats Nenets Khanty Mansi Selkup Dolgan Yukaghir Chukchi Koryak Itelmen Nivkh Oroch Ulch Nanai (Hezhen) Udege Negidal Tofalar Soyot Teleut Shor Kumandin Tubalar Chelkan Altai
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- Southeast Asia:
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Mainland Southeast Asia: Karen (e.g., Sgaw Karen, Pwo Karen, Kayah) Hmong (e.g., White Hmong, Green Hmong) Lahu Akha Mien (Yao) Jingpo (Kachin) Wa Palaung Pa-O Kokang Shan Mon Khmer Loeu (Highland Khmer, e.g., Brao, Kreung, Tampuan, Phnong) Degar (Montagnards, e.g., Rhade, Jarai, Bahnar, Koho, Sedang) Cham Chong Samre Mlabri Lawa Khmu Tai Dam Tai Lue - Island Southeast Asia (Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Timor-Leste):
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Philippines: Lumad (Mindanao, e.g., Manobo, Bagobo, T’boli, Blaan, Subanon, Bukidnon, Higaonon, Mandaya, Mansaka, Ata, Dibabawon, Tagakaulo, Talaandig, Teduray, Ubo) Igorot (Luzon, e.g., Ifugao, Kalinga, Bontoc, Ibaloi, Kankanaey, Isneg, Tingguian, Gaddang) Negrito Peoples (e.g., Aeta, Ati, Mamanwa, Batak of Palawan, Agta, Dumagat, Remontado) Mangyan (Mindoro, e.g., Hanunoo, Buhid) Palawano Tagbanwa Sama-Bajau (Sea Gypsies, e.g., Badjao, Samal) Yakan Tausug Sulu -
Malaysia: Orang Asli (Peninsular Malaysia, e.g., Semang/Negrito (e.g., Batek, Kensiu), Senoi (e.g., Temiar, Semai), Proto-Malay (e.g., Jakun, Temuan)) Indigenous Peoples of Malaysian Borneo (e.g., Dayak (umbrella term for many groups), Iban, Bidayuh, Melanau, Kayan, Kenyah, Penan, Kadazan-Dusun, Murut, Lun Bawang, Orang Ulu, Bajau (Sabah), Suluk) -
Indonesia: Batak (Sumatra, e.g., Toba, Karo, Simalungun) Minangkabau Sundanese Sasak Balinese Javanese (some distinct cultural groups) Torajan Buginese Acehnese Dayak (Kalimantan - numerous groups, e.g., Ngaju, Ma’anyan) Papuan Indigenous Peoples (e.g., Dani, Lani, Yali, Asmat, Korowai, Amungme, Kamoro) Mentawai Nias Baduy Gayo Kubu (Orang Rimba) Dani -
East Timor: Tetum Mambai Kemak Bunak Fataluku Baikeno -
Brunei: Dusun Iban Kedayan Murut
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- South Asia:
-
India: Adivasi (umbrella term for many, many tribes) Gond Bhil Santal Munda Oraon Ho Kondh Savara Baiga Kol Warli Korku Bodo Naga (numerous tribes, e.g., Ao, Angami, Konyak, Sema, Lotha, Chakhesang, Rengma, Sangtam, Chang) Mizo (Lushai) Khasi Garo Jaintia Lepcha Bhutia Tharu Gujjar Jath Lambani Toda Irula Kurumba Koya Chenchu Kodava Rabha Deori Mech Koch Dimasa Karbi Reang Tripuri Chakma Kuki (various sub-tribes) Sherpa Limbu Rai Gurung Tamang Newar Bodo -
Nepal: Tharu Limbu Rai Gurung Tamang Sherpa Newar Magar Chepang Sunuwar Jirel Dhimal Raute Raji Kusunda -
Bangladesh: Chittagonian Hill Tribes (e.g., Chakma, Marma, Tripura, Bawm, Mro, Khumi, Pangkhua, Tanchangya, Lushai, Khiang) Santal Oraon Garo Hajong -
Pakistan: Baloch (numerous tribes) Pashtun (numerous tribes) Sindhi (tribal structures) Brahui Burusho Kalash Khowar Shina Balti Wakhi -
Sri Lanka: Vedda Rodiya Ahikuntaka
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- Central Asia: (Often divided by language family, with historical tribal/clan structures)
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Turkic Peoples: Kazakh (numerous zhuz/hordes & clans) Kyrgyz (numerous tribes & clans) Turkmen (numerous tribes, e.g., Teke, Yomut, Ersari) Uzbek (often identified by historical tribal origins) Uyghur Karakalpaks Tatars Bashkirs Chuvash Nogai Kumyks Karachays Balkars Shor Teleut Kumandin Tubalar Chelkan -
Iranian Peoples: Tajik (many regional/clan identities) Pamiri Peoples (e.g., Wakhi, Shughni, Rushani) Pashtun (in Afghanistan/Pakistan) -
Mongolic Peoples: Hazara (Afghanistan) Aimags (Afghanistan)
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- West Asia (Middle East):
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Arab Peoples: Bedouin (numerous tribal confederations, e.g., Anazah, Shammar, Qahtan, Harb, Mutair, Bani Khalid, Al Murrah, Otaibah, Subai, Ajman) Marsh Arabs (Ma’dan) - Kurdish Peoples: (numerous tribes and confederations, e.g., Jaf, Barzani, Zaza, Sorani, Bahdinan, Hawrami, Mukri, Kalhor, Abdar)
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Circassian Peoples (North Caucasus): Adyghe (e.g., Abzakh, Bzhedug, Kabardian, Shapsug, Temirgoy) Abkhaz Chechen Ingush Avar Lezgin Dargin Lak Tabasaran Rutul Tsakhur Aghul Ubykh (extinct as a distinct language, but descendants) -
Other: Assyrians Yazidis Mandaean Druze Maronites Shabak Yarsan Qashqai Lurs Bakhtiari Gilaki Mazandarani Talysh Tat (Caucasus) Georgians (various tribal/regional identities, e.g., Svan, Mingrelian, Laz) Armenians (historical tribal divisions) Azeris (historical tribal divisions)
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Oceania (Pacific Islands excluding Australia):
- Polynesia:
-
East Polynesia: Māori (various iwi/tribes, e.g., Ngāpuhi, Ngāti Porou, Ngāi Tahu, Tūhoe, Waikato Tainui) Hawaiian Tahitian Rapa Nui Cook Islanders (e.g., Rarotongan, Aitutakian) Marquesan Mangarevan Tuamotuan -
West Polynesia: Samoan Tongan Niuean Tuvaluan Tokelauan Futunan Wallis Islander Rotuman Anutan Tikopian Kapingamarangi Nukaoro
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- Melanesia:
- Fiji: Fijian (numerous yavusa/tribes, e.g., Kubuna, Burebasaga, Tovata)
- New Caledonia: Kanak (various language groups, e.g., Drehu, Nengone, Paicî, Ajië)
- Vanuatu: Ni-Vanuatu (hundreds of distinct language groups, e.g., Kwamera, Lenakel, Bislama speakers, Raga, Big Nambas, Mekeo)
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Papua New Guinea: (Over 800 distinct languages/groups - hugely diverse) Huli Asaro Mudmen Engan Chimbu Dani Lani Yali Kalam Korowai Kombai Orokaiva Kewa Melpa Trobriand Islanders (Kiriwina) Sepik River peoples (many groups) Baining Tolai Abelam Sambia Kwoma Marind Fore Hua Baruya -
Solomon Islands: (Numerous language groups) Kwaio Are’are Malaitan Roviana Lau To’abaita Gela Bugotu Pijin speakers (creole) -
Bougainville: Nasioi Rotokas Buin Nagovisi Siwai
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Micronesia: Chamorro Palauan Marshallese I-Kiribati (Kiribati) Chuukese Yapese Kosraean Pohnpeian Nauruan Carolinian Sonsorolese Tobian
Europe:
-
Sami: Northern Sami Lule Sami Skolt Sami Inari Sami Southern Sami Kildin Sami Ter Sami Ume Sami Pite Sami Akkala Sami Kemi Sami - Basques
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Roma Peoples: Romani (e.g., Vlax Romani, Kalderash, Lovari) Sinti Kale (e.g., Finnish Kale, Welsh Kale) Manush Boyash Romanichal Ashkali Balkan Egyptians -
Finno-Ugric Peoples of Russia (Indigenous to parts of European Russia): Komis (Komi-Zyryans, Komi-Permyaks) Udmurts Maris (Meadow Mari, Hill Mari) Mordvins (Erzya, Moksha) -
Indigenous Siberians extending into Europe (see Siberian list above): Nenets Khanty Mansi