Please remember, this extensive list is by no means fully exhaustive of the many thousands of distinct Indigenous peoples worldwide.
Australia:
| New South Wales: Wiradjuri | Yuin | Bundjalung | Gamilaray (Kamilaroi) | Darug | Eora | Awabakal | Guringai | Murrawarri | Paakantyi | Wodi Wodi | Wailwan | Ngarigo | Walgalu |
| Victoria: Kulin Nation (e.g., Wurundjeri, Boon Wurrung, Wathaurong, Taungurung, Dja Dja Wurrung) | Gunditjmara | Bidjara | Kurnai (Gunai) | Waywurru | Bangerang | Dhudhuroa |
| Queensland: Kalkadoon | Yugambeh | Darumbal | Guugu Yimithirr | Kuku Yalanji | Gunggari | Bidjara | Wakka Wakka | Butchulla | Torres Strait Islander Peoples (e.g., Meriam, Kaurareg, Maluilgal, Kulkalgal, Erubam Le) |
| South Australia: Kaurna | Ngarrindjeri | Peramangk | Narungga | Adnyamathanha | Kokatha | Pitjantjatjara | Yankunytjatjara | Arrernte | Dieri |
| Western Australia: Noongar (e.g., Whadjuk, Ballardong, Gnarla Karla Booja) | Yamatji (e.g., Wajarri, Badimaya) | Pilbara Peoples (e.g., Ngarluma, Yindjibarndi, Kariyarra) | Kimberley Peoples (e.g., Kija, Gooniyandi, Worrorra, Wunambal, Ngarinyin, Jaru) | Ngaanyatjarra | Wirlomin |
| Northern Territory: Arrernte | Warlpiri | Yolngu (e.g., Gumatj, Djambarrpuyngu, Rirratjingu) | Tiwi | Warumungu | Gurindji | Murrinh-Patha | Luritja | Pintupi | Kunwinjku | Wardaman | Jawoyn | Rembarrnga |
North America:
| Algonquian Family: Cree (e.g., Plains Cree, Swampy Cree, Woodland Cree, Moose Cree, James Bay Cree) | Anishinaabe (e.g., Ojibwe/Chippewa, Odawa/Ottawa, Potawatomi, Algonquin, Saulteaux, Oji-Cree) | Mi’kmaq | Innu (Montagnais/Naskapi) | Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet) | Abenaki | Blackfoot Confederacy (Siksika, Kainai/Blood, Piikani/Peigan) | Lenape (Delaware in Ontario) | Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation | Opaskwayak Cree Nation |
| Athabaskan (Dene) Family: Dene (e.g., Chipewyan, Dogrib/Tłı̨chǫ, Gwich’in, Sahtu Dene/Hare, Slavey/Dehcho Dene, Yellowknives Dene) | Tsilhqot’in | Carrier (Dakelh) | Sekani | Dunne-za (Beaver) | Tahltan | Kaska |
| Iroquoian Family: Haudenosaunee Confederacy (e.g., Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora) | Wendat (Huron) |
| Salishan Family: Squamish | Sto:lo | Lil’wat | Cowichan | Sechelt | Shishalh (Sechelt) | Ktunaxa (Kootenay) |
| Wakashan Family: Kwakwakaʼwakw | Nuu-chah-nulth | Heiltsuk | Oweekeno |
| Tsimshianic Family: Tsimshian | Nisga’a | Gitxsan |
| Other/Diverse: Métis Nation (distinct Indigenous nation) | Inuit (e.g., Inuvialuit, Nunatsiavut, Nunavik, Nunavut Inuit) | Nlaka’pamux | Syilx (Okanagan) | Secwepemc (Shuswap) | Stz’uminus | Teslin Tlingit | Acho Dene Koe | Lutsel K’e Dene First Nation |
| Southeast: Cherokee Nation | Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians | United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians | Choctaw Nation | Chickasaw Nation | Muscogee (Creek) Nation | Seminole Nation of Oklahoma | Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida | Poarch Band of Creek Indians | Catawba Indian Nation | Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina | Houma Nation | Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana | Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana | Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas | Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana | Quapaw Nation | Osage Nation | Caddo Nation | Biloxi-Chitimacha |
| Northeast/Mid-Atlantic: Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) | Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe | Narragansett Indian Tribe | Mohegan Tribe | Pequot (Mashantucket Pequot, Eastern Pequot) | Schaghticoke Tribal Nation | Shinnecock Indian Nation | Cayuga Nation | Oneida Nation of New York | Onondaga Nation | Seneca Nation of Indians | Tuscarora Nation | Lenape (Delaware Tribe of Indians, Delaware Nation) | Penobscot Nation | Passamaquoddy Tribe | Maliseet (Houlton Band) | Shinnecock | Nipmuc | Paugussett |
| Great Plains: Lakota (e.g., Oglala, Hunkpapa, Brule, Miniconjou, Sicangu, Itazipco, Oohenumpa, Sihasapa) | Dakota (e.g., Santee, Sisseton Wahpeton, Yanktonai, Mdewakanton) | Nakota (Assiniboine, Stoney) | Cheyenne (e.g., Northern, Southern) | Arapaho (e.g., Northern, Southern) | Crow Tribe | Pawnee Nation | Wichita and Affiliated Tribes | Kiowa Tribe | Comanche Nation | Arikara | Hidatsa | Mandan | Ponca Tribe of Nebraska | Omaha Tribe of Nebraska | Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska | Kaw Nation | Otoe-Missouria Tribe | Sac and Fox Nation | Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas |
| Southwest: Navajo Nation (Diné) | Apache Tribes (e.g., Mescalero Apache, Chiricahua Apache, Jicarilla Apache, San Carlos Apache, White Mountain Apache, Fort Sill Apache) | Pueblo Nations (e.g., Hopi Tribe, Zuni Pueblo, Taos Pueblo, Acoma Pueblo, Isleta Pueblo, Jemez Pueblo, San Ildefonso Pueblo, Santa Clara Pueblo, Cochiti Pueblo, Laguna Pueblo, Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo, Picuris Pueblo, Sandia Pueblo, Santo Domingo Pueblo, Tesuque Pueblo, Nambé Pueblo, Pojoaque Pueblo) | Tohono O’odham Nation | Akimel O’odham (Gila River Indian Community, Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community) | Yaqui (Pascua Yaqui Tribe, Yoeme) | Havasupai Tribe | Hualapai Tribe | Yavapai-Apache Nation | Fort Mojave Indian Tribe | Quechan Tribe | Cocopah Tribe |
| Great Basin: Shoshone (e.g., Eastern Shoshone, Western Shoshone, Northern Shoshone, Te-Moak Tribe, Duckwater Shoshone) | Paiute (e.g., Southern Paiute, Northern Paiute, Walker River Paiute, Pyramid Lake Paiute) | Ute Indian Tribe (Uintah and Ouray Reservation) | Goshute Tribe | Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California | Bannock Tribe |
| California: Chumash | Pomo (e.g., Dry Creek Rancheria, Kashia Band) | Maidu | Miwok | Yokuts | Cahuilla | Luiseño | Kumeyaay (Diegueño) | Hupa | Yurok | Karuk | Wiyot | Modoc Tribe | Pit River Tribe | Tolowa Dee-ni’ | Wintu | Serrano | Mono |
| Northwest Coast/Plateau: Nez Perce Tribe | Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation | Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs | Yakama Nation | Spokane Tribe | Colville Confederated Tribes | Salish Kootenai (Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation) | Coastal Salish (e.g., Suquamish, Tulalip, Lummi, Makah, Quinault, Hoh, Skokomish, Squaxin Island) | Tlingit (e.g., Angoon, Hoonah, Yakutat) | Haida Nation (Alaska) | Tsimshian (Alaska) | Athabascan (Alaska, e.g., Koyukon, Tanana, Deg Hit’an, Ingalik, Dena’ina) | Yup’ik (e.g., Central Yup’ik, Siberian Yupik) | Iñupiat (e.g., Utqiagvik, Kotzebue) | Aleut (Unangan) | Kodiak Alutiiq (Sugpiaq) |
| Southern/Central: Maya (e.g., Yucatec Maya, Lacandon Maya, Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Chol, Tojolabal, Ixil, K’iche’, Kaqchikel) | Nahua (Mexica/Aztec descendants, e.g., Tlaxcaltec) | Zapotec (e.g., Valley Zapotec, Isthmus Zapotec) | Mixtec | Otomi | Purépecha | Totonac | Mazatec | Huastec | Zoque | Chinantec | Mixe | Triqui | Chatino | Popoloca | Amuzgo | Cuicatec | Ixcatec | Matlatzinca | Tlahuica | Chontal (Oaxaca) | Popoluca |
| Northern: Rarámuri (Tarahumara) | Yaqui | Mayo | Seri | Kiliwa | Kumiai | Paipai | Cochimí | Cucapá | Kickapoo (Mexico) | Guarijío | O’odham (in Sonora) | Coras | Huichol (Wixárika) | Tepehuan | Tarascan |
South America:
| Quechua Peoples: Numerous regional varieties (e.g., Cusco Quechua, Ancash Quechua, Ayacucho Quechua, Kichwa in Ecuador, Qulla in Bolivia, Chanka in Peru) | Canari | Saraguro | Quichua (Ecuadorian Amazonian) |
| Other: Uru | Kallawaya | Chipaya | Atacameño (Likan-antay) | Colla (Argentina) | Wichi (Argentina) |
| Brazil: Guaraní (e.g., Mbyá Guaraní, Ava Guaraní, Kaiowa, Ñandeva) | Yanomami | Kaiapo (Kayapó) | Munduruku | Sateré-Mawé | Tucano | Desana | Bora | Kokama | Kaxinawá (Huni Kuin) | Pataxó | Xavante | Bororo | Ticuna | Assurini | Suyá | Suruí | Enawenê-Nawê | Zoró | Krahô | Awá-Guajá | Pirahã |
| Peru: Asháninka | Shipibo-Conibo | Aguaruna (Awajún) | Machiguenga | Nomatsiguenga | Kukama-Kukamiria | Urarina | Iskonawa | Ese Ejja |
| Colombia: Wayuu | Arhuaco | Kogi | Wiwa | Emberá | Cofan | Nasa (Paez) | Sikuani | Guambiano (Misak) | Ticuna | Nukak |
| Ecuador: Waorani | Shuar | Achuar | Siona | Secoya | Kichwa (Amazonian) | Tsáchila | Chachi | Cofán |
| Bolivia: Guarani | Chiquitano | Moxos | Yuqui | Ayoreo | Chipaya | Tacana |
| Venezuela: Pemon | Warao | Ye’kuana | Panare | Piaroa | Yanomami (shared with Brazil) |
| Guyanas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana): Macushi | Wapishana | Kalina (Caribs) | Wayana | Trio | Arawak | Akawaio | Patamona |
| Chile/Argentina: Mapuche (e.g., Pehuenche, Huilliche, Lafkenche, Picunche, Puelche) | Tehuelche | Selk’nam (Ona) | Yámana (Yaghan) | Kawésqar (Alacaluf) | Qom (Toba) | Moqoit (Mocoví) | Pilagá | Diaguita (Argentina) | Huarpe | Kolla |
| Paraguay: Guaraní (numerous sub-groups) | Nivacle | Ayoreo | Maskoy | Ache | Toba-Qom |
Africa:
| Khoisan: San (e.g., Ju/’hoansi, !Kung, Naro, Khwe, ≠Khomani, Gana, Gwi) | Khoikhoi (e.g., Nama, Oorlam, Damara, Griqua) |
| Bantu-speaking: Zulu | Xhosa | Swazi | Ndebele (e.g., Northern, Southern) | Basotho (Sotho) | Tswana | Venda | Tsonga | Herero | Ovambo (e.g., Kwanyama, Ndonga) | Himba | Lozi | Shona | Chewa | Tonga (Zambia/Zimbabwe) | Manyika | Sena | Makonde | Yao |
| Nilotic: Maasai (e.g., Loita, Purko, Kisonko) | Kalenjin (e.g., Nandi, Kipsigis, Marakwet, Pokot, Tugen, Sabaot) | Luo | Turkana | Karamojong | Dinka | Nuer | Acholi | Langi | Shilluk | Anuak | Mursi | Hamar | Datoga |
| Cushitic: Oromo (e.g., Borana, Guji, Arsi) | Somali | Afar | Sidama | Hadzabe | Ogiek | Rendille | Gabbra | Borana | Konso | Dasanech |
| Other: Kikuyu | Luhya | Kamba | Meru | Chagga | Sukuma | Nyamwezi | Ganda | Rwandan (Hutu, Tutsi) | Burundian (Hutu, Tutsi) |
| Niger-Congo: Yoruba | Igbo | Hausa | Fulani (Fula/Peul, e.g., Fula Jallon, Adamawa Fulani) | Akan (e.g., Ashanti, Fanti, Akuapem, Bono) | Ewe | Fon | Dogon | Songhai | Wolof | Mandinka (Manding, e.g., Malinke, Bambara, Dyula) | Temne | Mende | Mossi | Ga-Adangbe | Edo (Benin) | Ijaw | Tiv | Nupe | Kanuri | Esan | Annang | Ibibio | Gurma | Senufo | Lobi |
| Bantu-speaking: Kongo | Luba | Lunda | Mongo | Fang | Teke | Kivu (various) | Bemba | Luyia | Kamba | Lega | Rwanda | Burundi |
| Pygmy Peoples (diverse groups, often identified by forest region): Mbuti (e.g., Efé, Asua) | Baka | Aka | Twa (e.g., Great Lakes Twa, Batwa) | Bagyeli | Bedzan | Bakola |
| Other: Sara | Azande | Mangbetu |
| North Africa: Amazigh (Berber) (e.g., Kabyle, Rifian, Shilha, Chaoui, Tuareg, Zenata, Shawi) | Sahrawi | Nubian (e.g., Kenzi, Dongolawi, Mahas) | Beja | Siwi |
Asia:
| Japan: Ainu | Ryukyuan (e.g., Okinawan, Amami) |
| China (recognized ethnic minorities - many with distinct tribal/cultural identities): Zhuang | Manchu | Hui | Miao (Hmong) | Yi | Tujia | Tibetan (many sub-groups, e.g., Khampa, Amdo, Ü-Tsang) | Mongolian (e.g., Khalkha, Oirat, Buryat) | Buyei | Korean (in China) | Yao | Bai | Hani | Li | Kazak (in China) | Dai (Tai Lü, Tai Nüa) | Lisu | She | Dong | Gelao | Lahu | Wa | Shui | Dongxiang | Naxi | Jingpo (Kachin) | Kirghiz (in China) | Tu | Daur | Mulam | Qiang | Blang | Salar | Maonan | Gelo | Xibe | Achang | Pumi | Tajik (in China) | Nu | Uzbek (in China) | Russian (in China) | Evenki (in China) | De’ang | Bonan | Yugur | Gin (Vietnamese in China) | Tatars (in China) | Derung | Oroqen | Hezhen (Nanai) | Monba | Lhoba | Jino |
| Siberian Indigenous Peoples (Russia): Evenks (Tungus) | Yakuts (Sakha) | Buryats | Nenets | Khanty | Mansi | Selkup | Dolgan | Yukaghir | Chukchi | Koryak | Itelmen | Nivkh | Oroch | Ulch | Nanai (Hezhen) | Udege | Negidal | Tofalar | Soyot | Teleut | Shor | Kumandin | Tubalar | Chelkan | Altai |
| Mainland Southeast Asia: Karen (e.g., Sgaw Karen, Pwo Karen, Kayah) | Hmong (e.g., White Hmong, Green Hmong) | Lahu | Akha | Mien (Yao) | Jingpo (Kachin) | Wa | Palaung | Pa-O | Kokang | Shan | Mon | Khmer Loeu (Highland Khmer, e.g., Brao, Kreung, Tampuan, Phnong) | Degar (Montagnards, e.g., Rhade, Jarai, Bahnar, Koho, Sedang) | Cham | Chong | Samre | Mlabri | Lawa | Khmu | Tai Dam | Tai Lue |
| Philippines: Lumad (Mindanao, e.g., Manobo, Bagobo, T’boli, Blaan, Subanon, Bukidnon, Higaonon, Mandaya, Mansaka, Ata, Dibabawon, Tagakaulo, Talaandig, Teduray, Ubo) | Igorot (Luzon, e.g., Ifugao, Kalinga, Bontoc, Ibaloi, Kankanaey, Isneg, Tingguian, Gaddang) | Negrito Peoples (e.g., Aeta, Ati, Mamanwa, Batak of Palawan, Agta, Dumagat, Remontado) | Mangyan (Mindoro, e.g., Hanunoo, Buhid) | Palawano | Tagbanwa | Sama-Bajau (Sea Gypsies, e.g., Badjao, Samal) | Yakan | Tausug | Sulu |
| Malaysia: Orang Asli (Peninsular Malaysia, e.g., Semang/Negrito (e.g., Batek, Kensiu), Senoi (e.g., Temiar, Semai), Proto-Malay (e.g., Jakun, Temuan)) | Indigenous Peoples of Malaysian Borneo (e.g., Dayak (umbrella term for many groups), Iban, Bidayuh, Melanau, Kayan, Kenyah, Penan, Kadazan-Dusun, Murut, Lun Bawang, Orang Ulu, Bajau (Sabah), Suluk) |
| Indonesia: Batak (Sumatra, e.g., Toba, Karo, Simalungun) | Minangkabau | Sundanese | Sasak | Balinese | Javanese (some distinct cultural groups) | Torajan | Buginese | Acehnese | Dayak (Kalimantan - numerous groups, e.g., Ngaju, Ma’anyan) | Papuan Indigenous Peoples (e.g., Dani, Lani, Yali, Asmat, Korowai, Amungme, Kamoro) | Mentawai | Nias | Baduy | Gayo | Kubu (Orang Rimba) | Dani |
| East Timor: Tetum | Mambai | Kemak | Bunak | Fataluku | Baikeno |
| Brunei: Dusun | Iban | Kedayan | Murut |
| India: Adivasi (umbrella term for many, many tribes) | Gond | Bhil | Santal | Munda | Oraon | Ho | Kondh | Savara | Baiga | Kol | Warli | Korku | Bodo | Naga (numerous tribes, e.g., Ao, Angami, Konyak, Sema, Lotha, Chakhesang, Rengma, Sangtam, Chang) | Mizo (Lushai) | Khasi | Garo | Jaintia | Lepcha | Bhutia | Tharu | Gujjar | Jath | Lambani | Toda | Irula | Kurumba | Koya | Chenchu | Kodava | Rabha | Deori | Mech | Koch | Dimasa | Karbi | Reang | Tripuri | Chakma | Kuki (various sub-tribes) | Sherpa | Limbu | Rai | Gurung | Tamang | Newar | Bodo |
| Nepal: Tharu | Limbu | Rai | Gurung | Tamang | Sherpa | Newar | Magar | Chepang | Sunuwar | Jirel | Dhimal | Raute | Raji | Kusunda |
| Bangladesh: Chittagonian Hill Tribes (e.g., Chakma, Marma, Tripura, Bawm, Mro, Khumi, Pangkhua, Tanchangya, Lushai, Khiang) | Santal | Oraon | Garo | Hajong |
| Pakistan: Baloch (numerous tribes) | Pashtun (numerous tribes) | Sindhi (tribal structures) | Brahui | Burusho | Kalash | Khowar | Shina | Balti | Wakhi |
| Sri Lanka: Vedda | Rodiya | Ahikuntaka |
| Turkic Peoples: Kazakh (numerous zhuz/hordes & clans) | Kyrgyz (numerous tribes & clans) | Turkmen (numerous tribes, e.g., Teke, Yomut, Ersari) | Uzbek (often identified by historical tribal origins) | Uyghur | Karakalpaks | Tatars | Bashkirs | Chuvash | Nogai | Kumyks | Karachays | Balkars | Shor | Teleut | Kumandin | Tubalar | Chelkan |
| Iranian Peoples: Tajik (many regional/clan identities) | Pamiri Peoples (e.g., Wakhi, Shughni, Rushani) | Pashtun (in Afghanistan/Pakistan) |
| Mongolic Peoples: Hazara (Afghanistan) | Aimags (Afghanistan) |
| Arab Peoples: Bedouin (numerous tribal confederations, e.g., Anazah, Shammar, Qahtan, Harb, Mutair, Bani Khalid, Al Murrah, Otaibah, Subai, Ajman) | Marsh Arabs (Ma’dan) |
| Circassian Peoples (North Caucasus): Adyghe (e.g., Abzakh, Bzhedug, Kabardian, Shapsug, Temirgoy) | Abkhaz | Chechen | Ingush | Avar | Lezgin | Dargin | Lak | Tabasaran | Rutul | Tsakhur | Aghul | Ubykh (extinct as a distinct language, but descendants) |
| Other: Assyrians | Yazidis | Mandaean | Druze | Maronites | Shabak | Yarsan | Qashqai | Lurs | Bakhtiari | Gilaki | Mazandarani | Talysh | Tat (Caucasus) | Georgians (various tribal/regional identities, e.g., Svan, Mingrelian, Laz) | Armenians (historical tribal divisions) | Azeris (historical tribal divisions) |
Oceania (Pacific Islands excluding Australia):
| East Polynesia: Māori (various iwi/tribes, e.g., Ngāpuhi, Ngāti Porou, Ngāi Tahu, Tūhoe, Waikato Tainui) | Hawaiian | Tahitian | Rapa Nui | Cook Islanders (e.g., Rarotongan, Aitutakian) | Marquesan | Mangarevan | Tuamotuan |
| West Polynesia: Samoan | Tongan | Niuean | Tuvaluan | Tokelauan | Futunan | Wallis Islander | Rotuman | Anutan | Tikopian | Kapingamarangi | Nukaoro |
| Papua New Guinea: (Over 800 distinct languages/groups - hugely diverse) | Huli | Asaro Mudmen | Engan | Chimbu | Dani | Lani | Yali | Kalam | Korowai | Kombai | Orokaiva | Kewa | Melpa | Trobriand Islanders (Kiriwina) | Sepik River peoples (many groups) | Baining | Tolai | Abelam | Sambia | Kwoma | Marind | Fore | Hua | Baruya |
| Solomon Islands: (Numerous language groups) | Kwaio | Are’are | Malaitan | Roviana | Lau | To’abaita | Gela | Bugotu | Pijin speakers (creole) |
| Bougainville: Nasioi | Rotokas | Buin | Nagovisi | Siwai |
| Micronesia: Chamorro | Palauan | Marshallese | I-Kiribati (Kiribati) | Chuukese | Yapese | Kosraean | Pohnpeian | Nauruan | Carolinian | Sonsorolese | Tobian |
Europe:
| Sami: Northern Sami | Lule Sami | Skolt Sami | Inari Sami | Southern Sami | Kildin Sami | Ter Sami | Ume Sami | Pite Sami | Akkala Sami | Kemi Sami |
| Roma Peoples: Romani (e.g., Vlax Romani, Kalderash, Lovari) | Sinti | Kale (e.g., Finnish Kale, Welsh Kale) | Manush | Boyash | Romanichal | Ashkali | Balkan Egyptians |
| Finno-Ugric Peoples of Russia (Indigenous to parts of European Russia): Komis (Komi-Zyryans, Komi-Permyaks) | Udmurts | Maris (Meadow Mari, Hill Mari) | Mordvins (Erzya, Moksha) |
| Indigenous Siberians extending into Europe (see Siberian list above): Nenets | Khanty | Mansi |